Coll y Toste, Cayetano
"Historia de la instrucción pública en Puerto Rico hasta el año de 1898" by Cayetano Coll y Toste is a historical account written in the early 20th century. It traces how education in Puerto Rico developed under Spanish rule up to the political break at the end of the 19th century, emphasizing the Church’s leadership, state policies, civic initiatives, and institutions from mission schools to universities and printing presses.The opening of the work first sets a broad Iberian-American frame: Spain’s Roman, Arab, and Christian heritage; the intertwined roles of cross and sword in colonization; mission schools, early colleges, and 16th‑century universities in Mexico and Peru; and the spread of the printing press, contrasted with Anglo-American trajectories. It then narrows to Puerto Rico, documenting royal mandates to teach Indigenous youths, 16th–17th‑century endowments for grammar instruction in San Juan, and Dominican and Cathedral classrooms. Against claims of scant schooling, the author highlights Governor Muesas’s 18th‑century “Directorio” requiring inclusive primary schools for all races, and, in the early 19th century, the medical chair in San Juan, the Sociedad Económica’s math and drawing academies, a girls’ school attempt, and Dean Nicolás Alonso de Andrade’s cátedras in theology, philosophy, and law at San Ildefonso. Public examinations, medals for merit, and creative funding (including a theater to support a seminary) signal a maturing system, while early 1830s ins…
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